I think part of the reason things have got to this stage, in addition to all the excellent reasons you offered, is the horrible state of job descriptions. They ask for the proverbial kitchen sink, that no actual human being could actually be good at, and don't include salary range, or differentiate between must have skills and nice to have.

Research has documented that men, more than women, will apply for jobs where they don't have most of the requirements.

I wrote a long piece a few years ago about ATS systems in the context of design jobs. As you point out, PDFs especially of "pretty" resumes, will lead to disaster. I'm retired now but when I was on the job market I ran my resume text through an ATS simulator, for a job as a UX Designer. The simulator insisted I must be a UNIX designer and flagged all my "typos". I can only imagine an employer using an outdated parser and hiring for a UX Designer missing many many highly qualified candidates.

I'm on my phone so don't have a link, but my story from 2018 was titled Surviving first (HR) contact: Graphical resumés in the age of AI.